By Ralph Dibugnara November 14, 2024
By Homes.com
Buying down your interest rate involves paying an upfront fee to your lender to reduce the interest rate on your loan. The key advantages of a buydown are that it increases your purchase power and reduces your total cost over the life of the loan. However, you must consider your long-term goals and if the expense is worth the cost.
How Does Buying Down Your Rate Work?
When you apply for a mortgage, you’ll be offered an interest rate that’s influenced by factors like market conditions, your credit score and the mortgage type.
If you want to lower your rate, you can buy it down by paying a one-time fee at closing in exchange for a rate cut.
“Buying an interest rate down is also known as paying discount points,” says Ralph DiBugnara, a mortgage banker and president of Home Qualified in New York City. “This is a way to get a lower interest rate upfront and it will give the applicant a lower rate than market rate or that they qualify for.”
Understanding Points: The Cost of Buying Down
When you buy down the interest rate on a mortgage, you’re buying mortgage points, which are also referred to as discount points. Points are essentially prepaid interest that can be purchased at closing to lower your mortgage interest rate for the life of the loan.
One point, or 1% of the loan amount, typically reduces the interest rate by about 0.25%.
How Much Will I Save If I Buy One Mortgage Point?
“On a $500,000 loan amount, a 1% point discount buydown will cost $5,000,” explains DiBugnara. “And as an example, if this reduced the interest rate from 6.75% to 6.5%, the principal and interest mortgage payment would be reduced from $3,242.99 to $3,160.34.”
That represents a savings of roughly $83 per month, which is about $992 per year and $29,754 over the course of a 30-year mortgage. If you buy down a mortgage with these terms, you will recoup the upfront cost of purchasing a discount point in a little more than five years.
Lender Credits vs. Mortgage Points
Some mortgage lenders may offer lender credits, which represent cash paid by the lender to cover some of your out-of-pocket closing expenses. However, lender credits will increase your monthly payments while buydowns will reduce them. You’ll typically be locked into a higher interest rate with a lender credit.
Does Buying Down Make Sense with Current Mortgage Rates?
Mortgage rates have made buying a home more challenging in recent years. Amid the current market, rates are ticking upward once again.
The average interest rate for a 30-year conventional mortgage is currently 6.9%, while 10-year fixed-rate mortgages are offered at around 6.17%. There’s a similar trend with adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), where the average rate is currently 6.18%.
For context, the average rate for a 30-year conventional loan in January 2021 was 2.65%.
When combined with record-high home prices, some prospective homebuyers find that these interest rates have potentially priced them out of the market. Moreover, many homebuyers seek ways to make their monthly mortgage payments more affordable. The advantage of buying down your mortgage rate is that you can potentially reduce the total cost of your home over the life of the loan.
What Is a 3-2-1 Buydown Mortgage?
A 3-2-1 buydown mortgage is a home loan where the borrower receives a lower interest rate over the first three years. The interest rate is cut by 3% in the first year, 2% in the second year and 1% in the third year. After the buydown period ends, the borrower pays the full interest rate for the remainder of the loan.
This type of mortgage is different from the process of buying down your rate. A lender, homebuilder, or seller typically covers the cost of a 3-2-1 buydown to make a home more affordable to potential buyers.
How Much Should I Buy Down My Interest Rate?
The decision to buy down your rate will depend on several factors, including your down payment and closing costs, the purchase price of the home, the interest rate you qualify for, and how long you plan to keep the home.
Long and Short-Term Benefits
There are two benefits to buying down your interest rate. The short-term benefit is an increase in buying power, and the long-term benefit is paying less interest over the life of the loan.
Short-Term Benefits
A reduced rate lowers the cost of monthly mortgage payments, which can make it easier to qualify for a home loan. A buydown can also help you qualify for a larger mortgage, allowing you to buy a more expensive home.
Long-Term Benefits
Over the long term, a mortgage buydown means you’ll spend far less on interest.
“The long-term savings from a lower interest rate can be substantial,” says Carl Holman of A&D Mortgage. “Even a small reduction, like 0.25%, can result in thousands of dollars in interest savings over the life of the loan. For example, on a $300,000 loan with a 30-year term, lowering the interest rate from 6% to 5.75% could save you over $15,000 in interest payments.”
A lower interest rate also has another benefit: It allows you to build equity in your home more rapidly than you would with higher interest payments.
“Lowering your interest rate means that more of your monthly payment will go toward the principal balance you owe. This will build your equity more quickly,” says Rose Krieger, a home loan specialist for Churchill Mortgage, a national mortgage lender.
Determining the Break-Even Point
Another important factor to consider when buying down your mortgage rate is the “break-even” point for the money you’re spending to secure a lower rate. In other words, how long will it take for you to recoup the expense associated with the buydown?
“The break-even point is when the amount you save on your monthly mortgage payments equals the upfront cost of buying down the rate,” explains Holman.
For example, if it costs you $4,000 to buy down the rate and you save $50 a month on your mortgage, your break-even point would be 80 months into the mortgage, or just over six and a half years.
If you stay in the home longer than the break-even point, the money saved will outweigh the upfront cost you paid to buy down your mortgage rate.
The Opportunity Cost of Buying Down
Buying down a mortgage interest rate can be costly. Before spending a large sum of money, it’s important to consider the expense in light of your overall financial plans and goals. You should determine if a reduced interest rate is the best use of your free cash.
“The funds used to buy points could instead be invested elsewhere, like in retirement savings or paying down higher-interest debt,” says Holman. “It’s important to weigh the potential returns from those other uses against the long-term savings from buying down your mortgage rate. Sometimes, those other goals might offer a better return on your investment.”
Additionally, it’s wise to speak with a lender to determine if there is a better way to use the money as part of your home purchase. For example, using the funds to provide a more substantial down payment could have a bigger financial benefit.
“Putting a larger down payment on the home may reduce the mortgage interest rate anyway and depending on the amount, it may eliminate the requirement for mortgage insurance, which would in turn, lower your overall monthly payment,” says Krieger.
When to Buy Down Points
There are indeed times when buying down mortgage points can be beneficial. A mortgage buydown is generally worth it if you plan to stay in the home for a long time since a lower interest rate means you’ll recoup the upfront cost.
If you plan to sell in a few years or refinance to obtain a lower interest rate, a mortgage buydown is much less likely to pay off.
It’s also important to ensure that you have sufficient cash reserves to handle emergencies as a homeowner before depleting savings in pursuit of a lower interest rate.
Review your financial picture and establish a firm understanding of your cash flow, savings and homeownership goals. If you have questions about the best approach, consult a mortgage professional for personalized advice.
Is it Worth it to Buy Down Your Rate?
Buying down the interest rate on a mortgage can reduce monthly mortgage payments and allow you to qualify for a larger mortgage. However, you should weigh the expense against your long-term goals before spending the money to bring your rate down a quarter-point or more.